The anisotropic properties and applications of β-gallium oxide (β-Ga₂O₃) are comprehensively reviewed. All the anisotropic properties are essentially resulted from the anisotropic crystal structure. The process flow of how to exfoliate nanoflakes from bulk material is introduced. Anisotropic optical properties, including optical bandgap, Raman and photoluminescence characters are comprehensively reviewed. Three measurement configurations of angle-resolved polarized Raman spectra (ARPRS) are reviewed, with Raman intensity formulas calculated with Raman tensor elements. The method to obtain the Raman tensor elements of phonon modes through experimental fitting is also introduced. In addition, the anisotropy in electron mobility and affinity are discussed. The applications, especially polarization photodetectors, based on β-Ga₂O₃ were summarized comprehensively. Three kinds of polarization detection mechanisms based on material dichroism, 1D morphology and metal-grids are discussed in-depth. This review paper provides a framework for anisotropic optical and electric properties of β-Ga₂O₃, as well as the applications based on these characters, and is expected to lead to a wider discussion on this topic.

采用DZ125高温合金粉末对DD5合金进行激光沉积修复，通过正交试验的方法，研究了激光功率、扫描速度和送粉量对单道单层沉积区枝晶外延生长的影响，实现了沉积区枝晶外延生长的控制。在此基础上，进行单道多层沉积修复试验，分析测量了单道多层沉积区的显微组织和硬度。结果表明：较低的热输入量和送粉量可显著提高沉积区枝晶外延占比；当激光功率为420 W、扫描速度为6 mm/s、送粉量为1.5 g/min时，单道单层沉积区枝晶外延占比约为100%。单道多层沉积区中下部为平面晶、沿沉积方向外延生长的柱状晶，顶部为等轴晶；沉积区γ′相不均匀地分布在γ相中，枝晶间区域的γ′相尺寸大于枝晶干区域的γ′相尺寸；沉积区底部短棒状MC碳化物沿枝晶间分布，且Ta元素含量较高；沉积区顶部的小块状以及八面体状MC碳化物随机分布。DD5合金基体平均显微硬度为425 HV_0.5，沉积区平均显微硬度略高于基体，为449 HV_0.5；与沉积区中部相比，沉积区底部和顶部的显微硬度略高，沉积区底部显微硬度最高。

采用200 W的纳秒脉冲光纤激光器对GH3030镍基高温合金表面积碳及氧化物进行了激光清洗实验研究，分析了激光光斑搭接率对清洗表面形貌、元素成分、相组成、表面粗糙度以及显微硬度的影响。结果表明：随着激光光斑搭接率从58.33%增大至70.83%，碳元素和氧元素含量均呈现先降低后升高的趋势，镍元素含量则先升高后降低，表面粗糙度先减小后增加。当光斑搭接率为66.67%时，碳元素和氧元素含量均下降到最低值，分别为5.01 wt%和1.40 wt%。同时，镍元素含量达到峰值，为72.96 wt%，表面粗糙度Ra减小至0.229 μm，Rz减至1.47 μm。改变激光光斑搭接率不会对GH3030高温合金的表面显微硬度产生显著影响。